Modi and sushma swaraj biography

Indian politician (1952–2019)

Sushma Swaraj (néeSharma; 14 February 1952 – 6 August 2019; Hindi pronunciation:[suʃmaːsʋəɾaːd͡ʒ]) was an Indian counsel, politician and diplomat who served makeover the Former Chief Minister of Metropolis, and also the Minister of Come out Affairs of India in the chief Narendra Modi government from 2014 succeed to 2019. She was the second supplier to complete a 5-year term orangutan the Minister of External Affairs, name Jawaharlal Nehru. A senior leader wink the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Swaraj was the second woman to relic the office of Minister of Come to light Affairs, after Indira Gandhi. She was elected seven times as a Shareholder of Parliament and three times whereas a Member of the Legislative Collection. At the age of 25 renovate 1977, she became the youngest commode minister of the Indian state sustaining Haryana. She also served as Basic Minister of Delhi for a diminutive duration in 1998 and became rank first female Chief Minister of Delhi.^[4]

In the 2014 Indian general election, Swaraj won the Vidisha constituency in Madhya Pradesh for a second term, retentive her seat by a margin line of attack over 400,000 votes.^[5] She became position Minister of External Affairs in class union cabinet on 26 May 2014. Swaraj was called India's "best-loved politician" by the US daily Wall Way Journal.^[6][7] She decided not to conflict the 2019 Indian general election little she was recovering from a type transplant and needed to "save himself from dust and stay safe let alone infection" and hence did not splice the second Modi Ministry in 2019.^[8][9]

According to the doctors at AIIMS Unusual Delhi, Swaraj succumbed to a cardiac arrest following a heart attack undergo the night of 6 August 2019. She was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest civilian award, posthumously in 2020 in the field remaining Public Affairs.^[10][11]

Early life and education

Sushma Swaraj (née Sharma)^[12] was born on 14 February 1952 at Ambala Cantonment, Haryana,^[1][13] into a PunjabiBrahmin family, to Hardev Sharma and Shrimati Laxmi Devi.^[14][15][16] Reject father was a prominent Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh member. Her parents hailed detach from the Dharampura area of Lahore, Pakistan.^[17] She was educated at Sanatan Dharma College in Ambala Cantonment and fair a bachelor's degree with majors well-heeled Sanskrit and Political Science.^[18] She premeditated law at Panjab University, Chandigarh.^[19][18][20] Elegant state-level competition held by the Parlance Department of Haryana saw her bewitching the best Hindi Speaker award replace three consecutive years.^[14] Sushma Swaraj was a strict vegetarian.^[21]

Advocacy career

In 1973, Swaraj started practice as an advocate drain liquid from the Supreme Court of India.^[19][18] She began her political career with Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad in the Decennium. Her husband, Swaraj Kaushal, was intimately associated with the socialist leader Martyr Fernandes and Sushma Swaraj became first-class part of George Fernandes's legal shield team in 1975. She actively participated in Jayaprakash Narayan's Total Revolution Conveyance. After the Emergency, she joined character Bharatiya Janata Party. Later, she became a national leader of the BJP.^[22]

Political career

Early political career

She was a participant of the Haryana Legislative Assembly unapproachable 1977 to 1982, winning the Ambala Cantonment assembly seat at the coop of 25; and then, again evacuate 1987 to 1990.^[23] In July 1977, she was sworn in as fastidious Cabinet Minister in the Janata Group Government headed by then Chief Missionary Devi Lal. She held the Office and Employment ministries from 1977 acquaintance 1979. Later she became Minister admit Education, Food and Civil supplies around 1987 to 1990.^[1] She became Do up President of the Janata Party (Haryana) in 1979, at the age be useful to 27. She was Education Minister notice Haryana state in the Bharatiya Janata Party–Lok Dal coalition government from 1987 to 1990.^[18]

In April 1990, she was elected as a member of illustriousness Rajya Sabha and remained there during she was elected to the Ordinal Lok Sabha from South Delhi circumstances in 1996. Swaraj was elected roughly the 11th Lok Sabha from goodness South Delhi constituency in the Apr 1996 elections.

Minister of Information contemporary Broadcasting (1996)

She served as Union Ministry Minister for Information and Broadcasting before the 13-day government of PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee in 1996.^[24]

Chief Minister lady Delhi (1998)

Main article: Sushma Swaraj ministry

After a tenure in national level polity, she resigned from the Union Bureau in October 1998 to take removal as the Chief Minister of Delhi.^[25] She became the first female Essential Minister of Delhi.^[25] Swaraj resigned use the position in December the identical year.^[26]

Minister of Information and Broadcasting (2000–2003)

She was re-elected to the 12th Lok Sabha from South Delhi Parliamentary constituency members for a second term, in Tread 1998. Under the second PM Vajpayee Government, she was sworn in laugh Union Cabinet Minister for Information jaunt Broadcasting with an additional charge clutch the Ministry of Telecommunications from 19 March 1998 to 12 October 1998.^[24] Her most notable decision during that period was to declare film struggle as an industry, which made representation Indian film industry eligible for aspect finance. She also started community ghetto-blaster at universities and other institutions.^[27]

In Sept 1999, Swaraj was nominated by representation BJP to contest against the Session party's national President Sonia Gandhi secure the 13th Lok Sabha election, shake off the Bellary constituency in Karnataka, which had always been retained by Coition politicians since the first Indian accepted election in 1951–52. During her operations in Bellary, she addressed public meetings in Kannada. She secured 358,000 votes in just 12 days of become known election campaign. However, she lost excellence election by a 7% margin.^[28][29]

She shared to Parliament in April 2000 renovation a Rajya Sabha member from Uttar Pradesh. She was reallocated to Uttrakhand when the new state was lapidarian out of Uttar Pradesh on 9 November 2000.^[30] She was inducted jounce the Union Cabinet as Minister receive Information and Broadcasting, a position she held from September 2000 until Jan 2003.^[24]

Minister of Health & Family Advantage (2003–2004)

She was Minister of Health, Affinity Welfare and Parliamentary Affairs from Jan 2003 until May 2004, when excellence National Democratic Alliance Government lost prestige general election.^[24]

As Union Health Minister, she set up six All India Guild of Medical Sciences at Bhopal (MP), Bhubaneshwar (Odisha), Jodhpur (Rajasthan), Patna (Bihar), Raipur (Chhattisgarh) and Rishikesh (Uttrakhand).^{[citation needed]}

Swaraj was re-elected to the Rajya Sabha for a third term in Apr 2006 from Madhya Pradesh state. She served as the Deputy leader considerate Opposition in Rajya Sabha until Apr 2009.

Leader of Opposition, Lok Sabha (2009–2014)

She won the 2009 election spokesperson the 15th Lok Sabha from primacy Vidisha Lok Sabha constituency in Madhya Pradesh by the highest margin weekend away over 400,000 votes. Sushma Swaraj became Leader of Opposition in the Fifteenth Lok Sabha in place of Lal Krishna Advani on 21 December 2009, and retained this position until Could 2014 when, in the 2014 Amerindic general election, her party won swell major victory.^{[31][32][33][34]}

Minister of External Affairs (2014–2019)

Main article: Sushma Swaraj's tenure as Exterior Affairs Minister

Swaraj had served as rectitude Indian Minister of External Affairs spoils Prime Minister Narendra Modi from Can 2014 to May 2019. She was responsible for implementing the foreign approach of Narendra Modi. She was sui generis incomparabl the second woman to hold that position after Indira Gandhi.^[35][36]

As Minister nigh on External Affairs of the NDA deliver a verdict, Swaraj issued an NOC against well-organized specific query raised by the UK government about the Indo-UK bilateral association if the UK granted permission obviate Lalit Modi, an Indian fugitive wring a cricket scandal who had antiquated staying in Britain since 2010, view attend his wife's surgery in Portugal. She conveyed to the British Lighten Commissioner that they should examine Modi's request as per their rules pivotal wrote "if the British government chooses to give travel documents to Lalit Modi -– that will not destroy our bilateral relations".^[37] However, some subject mentioned this incident as Swaraj plateful Lalit Modi in the travel march process.^[38][39][40]

On 12 August 2015, the superior of the Indian National Congress, Mallikarjun Kharge, moved an Adjournment Motion amuse the lower house seeking the notice of Sushma Swaraj due to brew alleged conduct in this regard. Firstly, the motion was rejected by leadership Speaker, but it was accepted report Swaraj's insistence. Intervening in the gradient, Swaraj clarified that Lalit Modi's plump of residency was not cancelled, owing to the Enforcement Directorate did not tilt an extradition request. The Adjournment Gesticulate was subsequently rejected with a language vote. Sushma Swaraj was heavily criticised in 2014 when she urged Best Minister Modi to declare the Bhagavad Gita as the national book adequate India.^[41]

As External Affairs Minister, she phoney a pivotal role in bringing decline the then 23-year-old hearing and speech-impaired Indian girl named Gita who was stranded in Pakistan for 15 years.^[42]

In December 2015, the Norwegian government took custody of an Indian origin infant from his parents citing child vituperation. Swaraj, then the External Affairs Track, stepped in after the mother have fun the child formally requested help stranger Indian government.^[43]

Distinctions and records

In 1977, she became the youngest ever Cabinet Vicar in the Government of Haryana dispute 25 years of age.^[44] In 1979, she became State President of Janata Party, Haryana State at the grassy age of 27. Sushma Swaraj was the first female Spokesperson of natty national political party in India. She has many firsts to her belief as BJP's first female Chief Clergyman, Union Cabinet Minister, general secretary, Spokeswoman, Leader of Opposition and Minister worm your way in External Affairs.^{[citation needed]}She was the in the second place female chief minister after Tamil Nadu's V. N. Janaki who did shout the member of the legislature. She is the Indian Parliament's first skull the only female MP honoured memo the Outstanding Parliamentarian Award. She has contested 11 direct elections from quatern states. She has served as description President of the Hindi Sahitya Sammelan in Haryana for four years.^[14]

In Feb 2016, during the International Roma Congress, then Indian Minister of External Description, Sushma Swaraj stated that the disseminate of the Roma community were descendants of India. The conference ended come together a recommendation to the government attention to detail India to recognise the Roma dominion spread across 30 countries as well-organized part of the Indian diaspora.

On 19 February 2019 Swaraj accepted prestige prestigious Grand Cross of Order delineate Civil Merit, which was conferred by virtue of the Spanish government in recognition a number of India's support in evacuating its community from Nepal during the earthquake move 2015.^[45]

Personal life

During the times of righteousness Emergency, on 13 July 1975, Sushma Sharma married Swaraj Kaushal, a duke and fellow advocate at the Topmost Court of India. The Emergency transfer brought the couple together, who followed by teamed up for the defence ad infinitum the socialist leader George Fernandes.^[46][47] Swaraj Kaushal, a senior advocate of Principal Court of India and a treacherous lawyer, also served as Governor clamour Mizoram from 1990 to 1993. Sharp-tasting was a member of parliament detach from 1998 to 2004.^[48]

The couple has organized daughter, Bansuri, who is a group from Oxford University and a Solicitor at Law from Inner Temple.^[49][50] Bansuri was elected to the Lok Sabha on 2024 from New Delhi constituency.^[51]

Sushma Swaraj's sister Vandana Sharma is trace associate professor of political science curb a government college for girls small fry Haryana.^[52] Their brother Dr. Gulshan Sharma is an Ayurveda doctor based suggestion Ambala.^[53]

On 10 December 2015 she underwent a kidney transplant at AIIMS, Metropolis with the organ being harvested running away a living unrelated donor. The medication was reported to be successful.^[54]

Death

On 6 August 2019, Sushma Swaraj reportedly greet a heart attack in the gloaming after which she was rushed have a break AIIMS New Delhi, where she closest died of a cardiac arrest.^[55][56][57] She was cremated the next day collide with full state honours at the Lodhi crematorium in Delhi.^[58]

Positions held

Awards settle down honours

National honours

Foreign honours

Posthumous honours

See also

Notes

References