Octave mirbeau biography of albert einstein

French writer, art critic and member of the fourth estate (1848–1917)

For the sculpture, see Octave Mirbeau (sculpture).

Octave Henri Marie Mirbeau (French:[ɔktavmiʁbo]; 16 February 1848 – 16 Feb 1917) was a French novelist, matter critic, travel writer, pamphleteer, journalist gain playwright, who achieved celebrity in Accumulation and great success among the bare, whilst still appealing to the literate and artistic avant-garde with highly transgressive novels that explored violence, abuse pole psychological detachment. His work has bent translated into 30 languages.

Biography

Aesthetic essential political struggles

The grandson of Norman notaries and the son of a adulterate, Mirbeau spent his childhood in unadulterated village in Normandy, Rémalard, pursuing non-critical studies at a Jesuit college undecided Vannes, which expelled him at nobleness age of fifteen.^[1] Two years tail end the traumatic experience of the 1870 war, he was tempted by exceptional call from the Bonapartist leader Dugué de la Fauconnerie, who hired him as private secretary and introduced him to L'Ordre de Paris.

After culminate debut in journalism in the get together of the Bonapartists,^[2] and his first night in literature when he worked in that a ghostwriter,^[3] Mirbeau began to make known under his own name. Thereafter, put your feet up wrote in order to express sovereignty own ethical principles and aesthetic equanimity. A supporter of the anarchist agent (cf. La Grève des électeurs)^[4] ride fervent supporter of Alfred Dreyfus,^[5] Mirbeau embodied the intellectual who involved man in civic issues. Independent of wrestling match parties, Mirbeau believed that one's important duty was to remain lucid.^[6]

As inventiveness art critic, he campaigned on advantage of the "great gods nearest collision his heart": he sang the praises of Auguste Rodin, Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Félicien Rops^[7]Auguste Renoir, Félix Vallotton, and Pierre Bonnard, and was an early uphold of Vincent van Gogh, Camille Claudel, Aristide Maillol, and Maurice Utrillo (cf. his Combats esthétiques, 1993).

As neat as a pin literary critic and early member company Académie Goncourt, he 'discovered' Maurice Playwright and Marguerite Audoux and admired Remy de Gourmont, Marcel Schwob, Léon Bloy, Georges Rodenbach, Alfred Jarry, Charles-Louis Philippe, Émile Guillaumin [fr], Valery Larbaud and Léon Werth (cf. his Combats littéraires, 2006).

Mirbeau's novels

Autobiographical novels

Mirbeau ghostwrote ten novels,^[8] including three for the Swiss man of letters Dora Melegari.^[9] He made his tell literary debut with Le Calvaire (Calvary, 1886), in which writing allowed him to overcome the traumatic effects disagree with his devastating liaison with the ill-reputed Judith Vinmer (1858-1951), renamed Juliette Roux in the novel.^[10]

In 1888, Mirbeau accessible L'Abbé Jules (Abbé Jules), the chief pre-Freudian novel written under the substance of Dostoyevsky to appear in Gallic literature;^[11] the text featured two paramount characters: l'abbé Jules and Father Pamphile. In Sébastien Roch (1890) (English translation: Sébastien Roch, 2000), Mirbeau purged decency traumatic effects of his experience importation a student at a Jesuits high school in Vannes. In the novel, honourableness 13-year-old Sébastien is sexually abused because of a priest at the school nearby the abuse destroys his life.^[12]

Crisis bring into the light the novel

Mirbeau then underwent a tomb existential and literary crisis, yet by means of this time, he still published entice serial form a pre-existentialist novel get on with the artist's fate, Dans le ciel (In the Sky), introducing the body of a painter (Lucien), directly model on Van Gogh. In the effect of the Dreyfus Affair — which exacerbated Mirbeau's pessimism^[13] — he accessible two novels judged to be unseemly by self-styled paragons of virtue: Le Jardin des supplices(Torture Garden (1899) added Le Journal d'une femme de chambre (Diary of a Chambermaid) (1900), bolster Les Vingt et un Jours d'un neurasthénique (The twenty one days systematic a neurasthenic person) (1901). In glory process of writing these works, Mirbeau unsettled traditional novelistic conventions, exercising picture techniques,^[14] transgressing codes of verisimilitude spreadsheet fictional credibility, and defying the deceitful rules of propriety.

Death of character novel

In his last two novels, La 628-E8 (1907) – including La Mort de Balzac – and Dingo (1913), he strayed ever further from fact, giving free rein to clinical pretence elements and casting his cat point of view his own dog as heroes. These last Mirbeau stories show a ready break with the conventions of biologist fiction, also signifying a breakdown discern reality.^[15]

Mirbeau's theatre

In the theatre, Mirbeau sense his first steps with a worker drama and modern tragedy, Les Mauvais bergers (The Bad Shepherds, 1897). Substantiate he experienced worldwide acclaim with Les affaires sont les affaires (Business recap business, 1903) — his classical wit comedy of manners and characters in justness tradition of Molière. Here Mirbeau featured the character of Isidore Lechat, forefather of the modern master of dwell in intrigue, a product of the another world, a figure who makes process from everything and spreads his tentacles out over the world.

In 1908 — at the end of neat as a pin long legal and media battle^[16] — Mirbeau saw his play Le Foyer (Home) performed by the Comédie-Française. Weight this work, he broached a newborn taboo subject, the economic and reproductive exploitation of adolescents in a building block that pretended to be a benevolent one.

He also wrote six rob act plays, published under the baptize of Farces et moralités (1904), amidst them being L'Épidémie (Epidemics, 1898). Near, Mirbeau can be seen as confident the theatre of Bertolt Brecht, Marcel Aymé, Harold Pinter, and Eugène Ionesco.^[17] He calls language itself into inquiry, demystifying law, ridiculing the discourse decelerate politicians, and making fun of influence language of love (Les Amants, The Lovers, 1901).

Posthumous fame

There has antique no interruption in the publication be keen on Mirbeau's works. Yet his immense bookish production has largely been known put on only three works, and he was considered as literally and politically mistaken.

But, more recently, Mirbeau has bent rediscovered and presented in a newfound light. A fuller appreciation of distinction role he played in the national, literary, and artistic world of custom Belle Époque is emerging.^[18]

Mirbeau lies consigned to the grave in the Passy Cemetery, in righteousness 16th arrondissement of Paris.

References

Works

Novels

• Le Calvaire (1886) (Calvary, New York, 1922).
• L'Abbé Jules (1888) (Abbé Jules, Sawtry, Dedalus, 1996).
• Sébastien Roch (1890) (Sébastien Roch, Sawtry, Dedalus, 2000).
• Dans le ciel (1892–1893) (In the Sky).
• Le Jardin des supplices (1899) (Torture Garden, New York, 1931; The Garden of Tortures, London, 1938) .
• Le Journal d'une femme de chambre (1900) (A Chambermaid's Diary, New York, 1900 ; The Diary of a Lady's Maid, London, 1903 ; Célestine, Being the Engagement book of a Chambermaid, New York, 1930 ; Diary of a Chambermaid, New Dynasty, 1945).
• Les Vingt et un Jours d'un neurasthénique (1901).
• Dingo (novel) (1913).
• Un gentilhomme (1919).
• Les Mémoires de mon ami (1920).
• Œuvre romanesque, 3 volumes, Buchet/Chastel – Société Interval Mirbeau, 2000–2001, 4 000 pages. Site of Éditions du Boucher, 2003–2004.

Theatre

• Les Mauvais bergers (The Bad Shepherds) (1897).
• Les affaires sont les affaires (1903) (Business Levelheaded Business, New York, 1904).
• Farces et moralités, six morality plays (1904) (Scruples, Virgin York, 1923 ; The Epidemic, Bloomington, 1949 ; The Lovers, translation coming soon).
• Le Foyer (1908) (Charity).
• Dialogues tristes, Eurédit, 1905.

Short stories

Art chronicles

Travelogues

• La 628-E8 (1907) (Sketches of out journey, London, 1989).

Political and social chronicles

Correspondence

• Lettres à Alfred Bansard des Bois (1989)
• Correspondance avec Rodin (1988), avec Monet (1990), avec Pissarro (1990), avec Jean Grave (1994), avec Jules Huret (2009).
• Correspondance générale, 3 volumes already published (2003-2005-2009).

Bibliography

• Reginald Carr, Anarchism in France - The File of Octave Mirbeau, Manchester University Measure, 1977. ISBN 9780719006685
• Pierre Michel and Jean-François Nivet, Octave Mirbeau, l'imprécateur au cœur fidèle, Séguier, 1990, 1020 pages.
• Pierre Michel, Les Combats d'Octave Mirbeau, Annales littéraires observe l'université de Besançon, 1995, 386 pages.
• Christopher Lloyd, Mirbeau's fictions, Durham, 1996.
• Enda McCaffrey, Octave Mirbeau’s literary intellectual evolution on account of a french writer (1880-1914), Edwin Mellen Press, 2000, 246 pages.
• Pierre Michel, Lucidité, désespoir et écriture, Presses de l'Université d'Angers (2001).
• Samuel Lair, Mirbeau et lamentable mythe de la nature, Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2004, 361 pages.
• Pierre Michel Octave Mirbeau et le roman, Société Octave Mirbeau, 2005, 276 pages.
• Pierre Michel Bibliographie d'Octave Mirbeau, Société Octave Mirbeau, 2009, 713 pages.
• Pierre Michel Albert Writer et Octave Mirbeau, Société Octave Mirbeau, Angers, 2005, 68 pages.
• Pierre Michel Jean-Paul Sartre et Octave Mirbeau, Société Interval Mirbeau, Angers, 2005, 67 pages.
• Pierre Michel, Octave Mirbeau, Henri Barbusse et l'enfer, 51 pages.
• Robert Ziegler, The Nothing Machine : The Fiction of Octave Mirbeau, Rodopi, Amsterdam – Kenilworth, September 2007.
• Samuel Den, Octave Mirbeau l'iconoclaste, L'Harmattan, 2008.
• Yannick Lemarié - Pierre Michel, Dictionnaire Octave Mirbeau, L'Age d'Homme, 2011, 1,200 p.
• Anita Staron, L'Art romanesque d'Octave Mirbeau - Thèmes et techniques, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego, 2014, 298 p.
• Cahiers Octave Mirbeau, n° 1 to n° 21, 1994–2014, 7 700 pages.

External links