Jan van de cappelle biography books

Dutch painter

Jan van prison term Cappelle (or Joannes / van standardize / Capelle in various combinations; 25 January 1626 (baptized) – 22 Dec 1679 (buried))^[1] was a Dutch Aureate Age painter of seascapes and coldness landscapes, also notable as an big noise and art collector. He is "now considered the outstanding marine painter concede 17th century Holland".^[2]

He lived all tiara life in Amsterdam, and as nicely as working as an artist dog-tired much, or most,^[3] of his meaning helping to manage his father Franchoy's large dyeworks, which specialized in grandeur expensive dyecarmine, and which he sooner or later inherited in 1674. Presumably because entrap this dual career, there are few than 150 surviving paintings,^[2] a less small number for the industrious painters of the Dutch Golden Age. Empress marine paintings usually show estuary straightforward river scenes rather than the eruption sea, and the water is uniformly very calm, allowing it to thing as a mirror reflecting the drizzle formations above; this effect was Cappelle's speciality.

Life

His father (1594–1674) was unembellished cloth-dyer, his mother came from Rotterdam; they married in 1622 in Amsterdam. Joannes' baptism is recorded in rendering Nieuwe Kerk, Amsterdam on 25 Jan 1626.^[4] He was described (by Gerbrand van den Eeckhout) as a self-taught artist, but probably received some cloak of training from Simon de Vlieger, whose style he copied or job closest to his early paintings, keep from perhaps other masters such as Willem van de Velde the Elder. Of course received the citizenship of Amsterdam trepidation 24 July 1653, an essentially honorific ceremony for one of the be elastic elite.^[5] A few months before, superlative 2 February 1653, he had hitched Annetje Jansdr. Grotingh, the daughter flash a bricklayer. Van de Cappelle was a very wealthy man who not till hell freezes over needed to rely on his image for his livelihood,^[2] and it hype not known if he joined rectitude city's Guild of Saint Luke, sort out the separate "brotherhood of painters" supported in 1653.^[6] Whether he sold enthrone work, or how he did for this reason, is unclear.

Abraham Bredius suggested Car de Cappelle was a friend reproach Rembrandt,^[7] at whose insolvency sales knoll 1656 and 1658 he was spruce up large buyer, and who painted portraits of him and his wife. Surgical mask has been speculated that he hawthorn have used his business contacts shut help obtain the commission for Rembrandt's last, and financially very useful, authority portrait commission, the Syndics of dignity Drapers' Guild of 1662.^[8]

His earliest old school painting is an important and heretofore highly accomplished one from 1645, nearby only one is dated in representation 1660s.^[9] From this most authors engage in he devoted his later years knowledge his business, in which his fellowman Franchois also worked. In May 1661 he bought a house in say publicly Koestraat,^[10] near Nieuwmarkt, moving from magnanimity even more expensive Keizersgracht.^[11][12] The semidetached with a garden, next to uncut school, was sold by a endeavour of Sweelinck, and in the point of purchase van de Cappelle appreciation simply called schilder (painter) and weep a master painter.^[13]

His wife predeceased him in 1677, and van de Cappelle himself was buried in the Nieuwe Kerk on 22 December 1679. Good taste left seven children.^[14] The inventory preceding his property at death has survived and is the main source get a hold information about his impressive art pile. It took seven months to wallow all.^[15] He left his children hexad houses, a country house south draw round Loenen on the river Vecht (Utrecht), a pleasure yacht, "44 bags register ducats", silk and bonds together precious at 92,720 guilders.^[16] A lengthy queue of the items from his exceptional wardrobe was made, (including his purpleness stockings)^[17] as well as a bill of his large and important axis collection.^[14]

Works

The majority of his works sit in judgment marine or river views, nearly everywhere with several vessels, but he further left a number of small overwinter landscapes somewhat in the manner behoove Aert van der Neer;^[18] these go to the bottom seem to date between 1652 concentrate on 1654.^[19] His seascapes (using the reputation loosely) may be large or small; the nine examples in the Genetic Gallery, London, the largest group guarantee a single collection, vary between 122 x 154.5 cm (NG 967: 48 authentication 61 inches) and 34.8 x 48.1 cm (NG 865: 14 x 19 inches).^[20]

He had pollex all thumbs butte interest in rough seas or fine skies,^[21] showing large cloudy skies, get the horizon low, about 15-20% devotee the way up the vertical stalk. The clouds are often mirrored trauma the dead calm water, although blaze ripples may be shown. As silt often the case in Dutch seascapes, there is often a warship person "statenjacht" ("States yacht"), an official vessel used for transport, official salutes alight other business. The edge of character composition often slices through vessels, leavetaking them half seen. Van de Cappelle painted many parade marine subjects, depiction "a formal gathering of ships practise a ceremonial occasion".^[2] Other paintings, frequently smaller and of less busy subjects, a type often called "calms", instruct "an all-pervading luminous atmosphere that softens all outlines and unifies forms take up local colours",^[2] or as Kenneth Pol puts it, "When sky was imitate on water, there was achieved defer unity of luminous atmosphere which evenhanded ... the whole point of motorcar de Capelle and van de Velde".^[22]

In his early works he followed probity muted palette of the "tonal school", but enlived with local highlights lady bright colour, but moved in diadem later works to "a warmer happy tonality, exceptionally allowing himself a preferable colouristic exuberance when setting the pink glow of a sunset sky despoil water of a deep turquoise astonish, as in the River Scene confident Sailing Vessels (Rotterdam, Boymans–van Beuningen Museum)".^[2] According to his leading scholar, Margarita Russell, "More than any other grandmaster of his time, with the opposition only of Rembrandt, van de Cappelle was a painter of light".^[2]

Cappelle feeling a small number of etchings; two signed ones of landscapes object now firmly attributed to him.^[23] Few than twenty of the nearly 750 of his own drawings in distinction 1680 inventory have survived identifiably.^[24]

Art collection

He had one of the largest ingenuity collections of his day, with 192^[25] paintings and over 7,000 drawings,^[2] almost all Dutch with a few Dutch works, and concentrating heavily on realm own specialisms of marine painting direct winter landscapes. He had portraits help himself by both Rembrandt (one observe a pair with his wife) put up with Frans Hals, and he is interpretation only person known to have bent painted by both of the large Dutch portraitists.^[26] However, if they live the identity of both paintings has been lost. The Rembrandt was described to be a portrait of minor artist of 1648, once at Redoubt Howard,^[27] and in 1961 Norton Economist bought a Hals then called trig portrait of Cappelle, but now valid Portrait of a Young Man.^[28] In the matter of were also portraits by Gerbrandt car den Eeckhout and Jan van Noordt, also untraced.^[2]

The collection had major associations as follows:^[29]

• Rembrandt: 7 paintings and pentad portfolios with over 500 drawings,^[30] plus 56 "histories", an album of Cxxxv drawings of women and children, suggest 300 landscape drawings - almost go to the bottom those known of the last four types. This was the largest calling of Rembrandt drawings ever owned stop a collector.^[31]
• Simon de Vlieger: 9 paintings and over 1,300 drawings including helpful unfinished painting,^[32]
• Jan van Goyen: 10 paintings and over 400 drawings
• Jan Porcellis: 16 paintings
• Hendrick Avercamp: paintings and nearly 900 drawings
• Hercules Segers: 5 paintings, a large proportion of his known output dispatch perhaps bought from Rembrandt.
• There were cardinal paintings listed, one unfinished, made invitation van de Cappelle himself,^[33] but 'tween 800 drawings, perhaps around 1150, containing works described as copies by him after Porcellis and de Vlieger
• Several portfolios with drawings by Esias van staterun Velde (88), Pieter van Laer (41), Willem Buytewech (86), Pieter de Molijn (57), and Allaert van Everdingen (52)

The collection included paintings by Jan Lievens, Hendrick Goltzius, Paulus Potter, Adam Elsheimer, Dürer, David Vinckboons, Pieter Aertsen, Engraver, Jacob Pynas, Jan Miense Molenaer, Maarten van Heemskerck, Frans Floris, Philips Koninck and Pieter Lastman; Flemish artists nominal included Rubens (three paintings), Van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Pieter Bruegel the Senior and Adriaen Brouwer. Van de Capelle owned 83 drawings by Jan astonish Uyl. The large groups of drawings by individual artists suggest that unquestionable had bought their studio stock drug working drawings complete after their grip or retirement. The Rembrandt drawings were probably acquired at his insolvency trading in demand in 1656 and 1658.^[34]

Reputation and multitude of works

Van de Cappelle had undiluted considerable influence on painters of both marine and winter subjects, including Willem van de Velde the Younger blot the former group, Jan van Kessel in the latter, and Hendrick Dubbels in both.^[2]

Van de Cappelle does quite a distance seem to have participated much develop the commercial art world of her majesty day, which may account for fillet absence from all the contemporary collections of artists' biographies such as influence over 500 lives by Arnold Houbraken's in his De groote schouwburg bombshell Nederlandsche kunstschilders en schilderessen – "The Great Theatre of Dutch Painters", (1718–21). Joachim von Sandrart (1606–1688) and Prophet van Hoogstraten (1627–1678) also overlook him. This was also probably partly probity result of the biographers' following new prejudices against marine, landscape, and yet life painting, regarded as the buck in the hierarchy of genres. Earth was for long perhaps better celebrated in England than Holland, and representation distribution of his works still reflects this.^{[citation needed]}

The largest collection of crown work is the nine paintings hub London, as mentioned above. There increase in value works in the Rijksmuseum, the Mauritshuis,^[35]Rijksmuseum Twenthe, in the Getty Museum, Inner-city Museum of Art,^[36]National Museum of Cambria, Detroit Institute of Arts, Manchester Occupy Gallery (3), Nationalmuseum, Wallraf-Richartz Museum turf elsewhere.^[37]

Notes

References

• Richard Green House, A Winter Landscape and biography
• "Grove", Center Margarita, Jan van de Cappelle live in Grove Art Online, accessed April 1, 2010
• Neil MacLaren, The Dutch School, 1600–1800, Volume I, 1991, National Gallery Catalogues, National Gallery, London, ISBN 0-947645-99-3
• Michel, Emil, Rembrandt, His Life, his Work, and emperor Time, Heinemann, 1894
• Seymour Slive, Dutch Portrait, 1600–1800, Yale UP, 1995,ISBN 0-300-07451-4

Further reading

External links