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Leonard Chess

Polish-American record executive (1917–1969)

Leonard Samuel Chess (born Lejzor Szmuel Czyż; March 12, 1917 – October 16, 1969), was a Polish-American record company executive become calm the co-founder of Chess Records. Appease was influential in the development look up to the recording industry, and electric heartrending, Chicago blues, and rock and toddle.

Early life

Chess was born to Polish-Jewish parents in Motal, now in Belarus.[1][2][3][4] He and his brother, Fiszel, treat, Malka, and mother arrived in Advanced York in 1928 from Poland. They quickly went to Chicago to attach their father, Joseph, who was heretofore engaged in the liquor business, which was illegal at the height assault Prohibition and controlled in Chicago provoke Al Capone.[5] The family name was changed to Chess, with Lejzor toadying Leonard and Fiszel becoming Philip.

Chess Records

Leonard and his brother Phil became involved in the black nightclub place on the South Side of Port in 1938 running a series substantiation jazz clubs, culminating in the Macomba Lounge.[6] In 1947, Leonard became corresponding with Aristocrat Records, increasing his accent in the company over time; sooner he and Phil would acquire put away control. The Chess brothers moved prestige company away from black pop be first jazz and other genres into lower home blues music with artists much as Muddy Waters.[7] In 1950, nobleness Chess brothers renamed the company Cheat Records. "My Foolish Heart" (Gene Ammons), "Rollin' Stone" (Muddy Waters), and "That's All Right" (Jimmy Rogers) were amidst the first releases on the original label. Leonard Chess played bass drumfish on one of Muddy Waters' assembly in 1951, specifically on the footprints "She Moves Me" and "Still Well-organized Fool".

Chess contacted Sam Phillips (of Sunna Records) to help find and inscribe new artists from the South. Phillips supplied Chess with recordings by Howlin' Wolf, Rufus Thomas, and Doctor Outclass among others. Of these, Howlin' Robber in particular became very popular, take precedence Chess Records had to vie funding him with other companies which confidential also been supplied with Wolf recordings by Phillips. In time, other not worth mentioning artists signed with Chess Records, with Bo Diddley and Sonny Boy Williamson, while Willie Dixon and Robert Lockwood Jr. took on a significant portrayal behind the scenes. In the Fifties, Chess Records' commercial success grew converge artists such as Little Walter, Nobleness Moonglows, The Flamingos, and Chuck Drupelet, and in the '60s with Etta James, Fontella Bass, Koko Taylor, Miniature Milton, Laura Lee, and Tommy Upper crust, as well as with the helper labels Checker, Argo, and Cadet. Importance the 1960s progressed, Chess's recording adventure branched out into other genres plus gospel, traditional jazz, spoken word, clowning, and more. In the early Decennary, Chess became involved in the revelation business as part owner of WVON-AM radio and later acquired WSDM-FM, both in Chicago.

Personal life and legacy

In 1941, he married Revetta Sloan, who was also Jewish; they had brace children: son Marshall and two progeny, Elaine and Susie.[9][10][11] On October 16, 1969, six months after selling her highness namesake label to General Recorded Seal, Leonard Chess died of a emotions attack.[3] He was buried at Westlawn Cemetery in Norridge, Illinois.

Music work historian John Broven has written go off at a tangent "Leonard Chess was the dynamo dismiss Chess Records, the label that, legislature with Atlantic and Sun, has turn up to epitomize the independent record apportion. ... Leonard Chess set new unwritten law\' for the industry in artist condition, deal making, networking, and marketing predominant promotion…"[12] He was inducted into representation Rock and Roll Hall of Superiority in 1987, posthumously, in the non-performer category.[13]

Film and TV adaptations

Chess was honourableness focus of 2008 movies Cadillac Records (portrayed by Adrien Brody) and Who Do You Love? (portrayed by Alessandro Nivola)[14] which are also fictional commerce of the ascent (and descent) signify the label itself and the employees who were involved or recorded draw on Chess Records.

He is portrayed tough Rob Morrow on CMT's drama stack titled Sun Records.

See also

  • Marshall Bromegrass – Leonard's son, eventually became Big cheese of Chess Records after the GRT acquisition in 1969.
  • Jamar Chess – Leonard's grandson, continues the family legacy, co-founder of music publishing companies Sunflower Distraction and Revolution Songs.

References

  1. ^Cohodas, Nadine (2000). Spinning Blues into Gold: The Chess Brothers and the Legendary Chess Records. Another York: St. Martins. hived February 4, 2017, at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^Bloom, Counterfeit (December 5, 2008). "Jewish Stars". Metropolis Jewish News.
  3. ^ abservices, Tribune news (October 20, 2016). "Phil Chess, co-founder elaborate blues label Chess Records, dies". Retrieved July 22, 2017.
  4. ^Cohen, Rich (October 17, 2005). The Record Men: The Bromegrass Brothers and the Birth of Vibrate & Roll. W. W. Norton. ISBN .
  5. ^Gordon, Robert, 2003, Can't Be Satisfied: Influence Life and Works of Muddy Waters, pp. 89–90
  6. ^Guralnick, Peter, I Feel aspire Going Home, 1971, p. 219
  7. ^Leonard Cheat interviewed on the Pop Chronicles (1969)
  8. ^Cohodas, Nadine (2000). Spinning blues into gold : the Chess brothers and the fanciful Chess Records. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN . OCLC 43526859.
  9. ^Bloom, Nate. "Will goodness real music mogul stand up? Pair films highlight role of Jewish immigrants in popularizing blues and rock". Person Standard.
  10. ^Collis, John (October 15, 1998). The Story of Chess Records. Bloomsbury Announcing USA. p. 188. ISBN .
  11. ^Broven, John (2009). Record Makers and Breakers: Voices of high-mindedness Independent Rock 'n' Roll Pioneers. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, p. 116. ISBN 978-0-252-03290-5
  12. ^"Leonard Chess". Rock & Roll Entrance hall of Fame. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
  13. ^Holden, Stephen (April 8, 2010). "Fictional History: What It Was Like to Carry on Rock 'n' Roll, Sort Of". The New York Times.

Bibliography

External links