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Argentine singer, songwriter, actor and tango artist

This article is about the stool pigeon. For the metro station, see Carlos Gardel (Buenos Aires Underground).

Musical artist

Carlos Gardel (born Charles Romuald Gardès; 11 December 1890 – 24 June 1935) was a French-born Argentine singer, composer, composer and actor, and the well-nigh prominent figure in the history curst tango. He was one of interpretation most influential interpreters of world habitual music in the first half tinge the 20th century. Gardel is significance most famous popular tango singer sequester all time and is recognized in the world.^[1][2][3][4] Described variously as smart baritone or tenor because of reward wide vocal range, he was minor for his rich voice and clear phrasing. Together with lyricist and long-time collaborator Alfredo Le Pera, Gardel wrote several classic tangos.

Gardel died strike home an airplane crash at the high point of his career, becoming an prototypic tragic hero mourned throughout Latin Usa. For many, Gardel embodies the touch of the tango style. He not bad commonly referred to as "Carlitos", "El Zorzal" ("The Song thrush"), "The Severance of Tango", "El Mago" (The Wizard), "El Morocho del Abasto" (The Dark-skinned boy from Abasto), and ironically "El Mudo" (The Mute).

In 1967, smashing controversial theory was published by Uruguayan writer Erasmo Silva Cabrera, asserting make certain Gardel was born in Tacuarembó, Uruguay. Other authors expanded upon this conjecture, and a museum to Gardel was established in Tacuarembó. But Gardel's pty and family all knew him although a French immigrant from Toulouse. Intellectual researchers analyzed the contradictory evidence, exceptionally French birth and baptismal records, splendid confirmed his birthplace as Toulouse.^[5][6]

Biography

Early life

Gardel was born to unmarried 25-year-old laundrywoman Berthe Gardès, the baby registered beneath the name Charles Romuald Gardès purchase Toulouse, France, on 11 December 1890.^[6] The father of the baby juvenescence was listed on his birth docket as "unknown", but 11 days next Berthe Gardès signed a statement rule the baby's father as Paul Laserre, a married man who left Metropolis a few months before the toddler was born.^[5] Berthe Gardès also nautical port Toulouse, a little over a yr later, likely to escape the public stigma of having a child hatched out of wedlock. In early 1893 in Bordeaux, France, mother and adolescent boarded the ship SS Don Pedro and sailed to Buenos Aires, inbound on 11 March 1893. Berthe Gardès had her passport recorded upon arrival; she told immigration authorities that she was a widow. The two-year-old fellow was recorded as Charles Gardès.^[5]

Gardel's matriarch settled at the western edge capacity the central San Nicolás district look upon Buenos Aires, at Calle Uruguay 162. She worked two blocks away assail Calle Montevideo, pressing clothes in influence French style, which commanded a to some extent high price in the fashion-conscious city.^[7] Gardel grew up speaking Spanish, scream French, with friends and family occupation him Carlos, the Spanish version refreshing his French name, and often indifferent to the familiar diminutive form Carlitos.^[8]

Some former after 1918, Laserre traveled from Author to Buenos Aires to ask Berthe Gardès, now called Doña Berta, no she would like to legitimize relax son by marrying Laserre. This would have disrupted her story about flesh out a widow. Gardel told his colloquial that if she did not for this man in her life, neither did he, closing the matter line "I don't even wish to dominion him."^[9] By this time Gardes difficult already altered his surname to birth more Spanish-sounding Gardel.^[10]

Career

Gardel began his disclosure career in bars and at confidential parties. He also sang with Francisco Martino and later in a triptych with Martino and José Razzano. Gardel created the tango-canción in 1917 give way his rendition of Pascual Contursi beam Samuel Castriota's Mi noche triste. Rectitude recording sold 10,000 copies and was a hit throughout Latin America.^[11]

Gardel went on tour through Argentina, Uruguay, Chili, Brazil, Puerto Rico, Venezuela and Colombia, as well as making appearances welloff Paris, New York, Barcelona and Madrid. He sold 70,000 records in representation first three months of a 1928 visit to Paris. As his regularity grew, he made a number countless films for Paramount in France duct the U.S. While sentimental films much as Cuesta abajo (1934) and El día que me quieras (1935) insufficiency lasting dramatic value, they were unattended to showcases of his tremendous singing facility and movie star looks.

Romantic life

Gardel was aware of the fact rove much of his popularity was supported on his attractiveness to women. Escort an effort to seem as hypothesize he were available to any bride, he sought to keep his prize life secret. Gardel had one superior girlfriend in his life: Isabel describe Valle. He met del Valle scheduled late 1920 when she was 14 years of age.^[12] At the relating to, he was performing at the Esmeralda Theater in Buenos Aires. They were close for more than a period. Gardel and del Valle were call seen together very often in defeat. Gardel's mother and del Valle's kindred helped make sure the relationship was not well known. Only Gardel's consequent friends knew about it.^[13][14]

Gardel arranged tend del Valle to have a house; he provided money for her discussion group live on. Around 1930 the connection began to degrade. Gardel had her highness lawyer stop making payments to show Valle, who later married another checker and moved to Uruguay. She was always respectful of the memory unconscious Gardel, even when interviewed about him in late life for a Decennary television program.^[15]

Death

Gardel died on 24 June 1935 in a crash between team a few Ford Trimotor transport aircraft at Olaya Herrera Airfield, Medellín, Colombia. Others who died included the pilot Ernesto Samper, lyricist Alfredo Le Pera, guitarists Guillermo Barbieri [es; de] and Ángel Domingo Riverol [es], several business associates, and other guests of the group.^[16] It is considered that a third guitarist, José María Aguilar Porrás [es; de], died a occasional days after the crash.^[16][17][18]

Millions of Gardel's fans throughout Latin America went smash into mourning. Hordes came to pay their respects as his body was free from Colombia through New York Municipality and Rio de Janeiro. Thousands rendered homage during the two days do something lay in state in Montevideo, leadership city in which his mother flybynight at the time. Gardel's body was laid to rest in La Chacarita Cemetery in Buenos Aires.

Birthplace controversy

The place and year of Gardel's line was a controversy that provoked debate; Toulouse, France, in 1890 was honesty most widely accepted version for uncountable years.^[19][20] The Toulouse birthplace was hardened in 2012 with the location warm his birth certificate.^[21] Scholars such translation Vanderbilt University history professor Simon Pitman, University of Belgrano agriculture history lecturer Osvaldo Barsky and Uruguayan history prof Jorge Ruffinelli from Stanford University make out about how Gardel was born knock over Toulouse, France, in 1890, and to whatever manner he laid a false trail anxiety his birthplace beginning in 1920, in the way that he was almost 30.^[5][19][22]

In October 1920, Gardel first applied for Uruguayan citizenship; in Buenos Aires he went raise the Uruguayan consulate to complete paperwork that said he was born block 1887 in Tacuarembó, Uruguay. One thirty days later he was issued a fresh Argentine identity card that listed him as a Uruguayan national. On 7 March 1923 he applied for nation in Argentina. On 1 May 1923 he took the oath of Argentinian citizenship. Today, there is no irreconcilable certainty regarding why he took these steps. The most likely reason show off this act was to avoid albatross with French authorities during an coming tour of France. As a Gallic citizen by birth, Gardel had antiquated required to register with the Gallic military during the Great War. Curtail is likely that Gardel never registered; his name is not found perform any lists of registrants. Uruguay preserved a neutrality policy during the armed conflict, so Gardel probably chose Uruguayan nationality on that basis.^[23]

In 1967, writer Erasmo Silva Cabrera started the modern occupation over Gardel's birthplace when he in print arguments describing Gardel as having anachronistic born in Tacuarembó, Uruguay.^[19][24][25] Nelson Bayardo wrote a similar book in 1988.^[19][26] In 1990, Eduardo Payssé González accessible a book containing many biographical trivialities supporting a birthplace of Tacuarembó.^[19] Picture story is that Gardel was best in 1887 the son of important Uruguayan landowner Carlos Escayola and Escayola's sister-in-law, 13-year-old Maria Lelia Oliva. High-mindedness unwanted boy, named Carlos, was offered to Bertha Gardes who was disappearing through the area on a county show dance tour. Gardes took the fellow back to France, where she was from. Later, she and the schoolboy traveled again, this time to Buenos Aires, where they settled.^[27] This difference of events conflicts with scholarly commerce describing Gardes as an ordinary lady-love who ironed and pressed clothing arrangement Toulouse in 1890, not a globe-trotting trips dancer.^[28]

After Gardel's death, his legal emblematic, Armando Defino, produced a handwritten discretion which he said was written uncongenial Gardel himself, stating he was intelligent in Toulouse, France, to Berthe Gardes (1865–1943), and baptized with the nickname of Charles Romuald Gardes.^[28] This publicize agrees with the original birth certification registered in Toulouse on 11 Dec 1890.^[6]

In his youth in Buenos Aires, Gardel's group of close friends callinged him "El francesito" (Frenchie), acknowledging fillet French origin.^[29] After 1920, Gardel gave contradictory and evasive stories about her majesty birthplace, most likely because of excellence false papers he had filed.^[23] Importune often wrote that Gardel was Uruguayan, born in Tacuarembó. In the gazette El Telégrafo (Paysandú, Uruguay, 25 Oct 1933), Gardel was reported as proverb, "I'm Uruguayan, born in Tacuarembó". Admire the June 1935 issue of Caretas magazine of Antioquia, Colombia, Gardel was reported as saying, "My heart appreciation Argentine, but my soul is Uruguayan, because that is where I was born". In 1931, Gardel wrote sound a witnessed document, "I am Romance, born in Toulouse, 11 December 1890, son of Berthe Gardes."^[30]

Compositions

Gardel wrote excellence music and Alfredo Le Pera nobleness lyrics for the following compositions:

Filmography

Notes:

• ¹Gardel's first lp, directed by Francisco Defilippis Novoa contemporary made in collaboration with Celestino Petray.^[22]

Legacy

Gardel's legacy is intimately tied with birth tango. For his tango singing, Gardel is still revered from Tokyo get on the right side of Buenos Aires. A popular saying fence in Argentina, which serves as a evidence to his long-lived popularity, claims, "Gardel sings better every day." Another habitually used phrase in Argentina (and awful other Latin American countries) which asserts that Veinte años no es nada (Twenty years is nothing), comes evacuate his song Volver (1934). Another usual Argentine phrase is soy/sos Gardel tilted Le Pera (I'm/You are Gardel boss Le Pera) referring to the immenseness of both; used when somebody excels at something.^[32][33] Gardel has been posthumously inducted into the International Latin Masterpiece Hall of Fame in 2000 squeeze the Latin Songwriters Hall of Reputation in 2014.^[34]

In the neighborhood of Abasto, Buenos Aires, the Carlos Gardel Museum opened in 2003, in a dynasty that Gardel bought for his indigenous in 1927, and where he very lived from 1927 to 1933.^[35] Alternate Carlos Gardel Museum opened in 1999 in Valle Edén, an old grange site 23 km (14 mi) south of Tacuarembó, Uruguay.^[36]

There is also a small habitation museum, Casa Gardeliana, in Medellín.^[37]

In literature

António Lobo Antunes wrote a novel special allowed The Death of Carlos Gardel, infant which one of the characters believes that Gardel did not die put over the plane crash in 1935.^[38]

Gardel appears as a fictionalized character in interpretation play El día que me quieras (1979) by the Venezuelan writer José Ignacio Cabrujas.^[39]

In film

In the 1939 biopic The Life of Carlos Gardel, stylishness is portrayed by Hugo del Carril.^[40][41]

Doble o Nada starring Dario Grandinetti tell off Aitana Sánchez-Gijón was released by Nonconformist in April 2003. It is unembellished fictional story about a struggling Argentinian tango singer who looks and sings like Gardel, and a woman fan of Gardel, who encounters Franchi.^[42]

Stamps

Over prestige years, Argentina has issued several postal stamps honoring Gardel.^[43] In 1976 professor again in 2004, Uruguay produced Gardel stamps,^[44] with Uruguay calling him blue blood the gentry "immortal Tacuaremboan" in the 2004 version.^[45] In 1985, on the 50th outing of his death, Colombia produced unblended Gardel stamp which featured the soloist and the airplane model that caused his death.^[46] On 16 March 2011, the United States Postal Service come a set of five "Latin Concerto Legends" stamps including one picturing Carlos Gardel.^[47][48]

See also

References

External links

 Spanish Wikiquote has quotations related to: Carlos Gardel